Personal Philosphy Essay

It is important for teachers to develop their own educational philosophy. It is important because this philosophy defines the teacher and what they stand for. The philosophy describes the teacher’s attitude, their teaching styles, and how they feel about their students being successful. â€Å"A teacher’s personal philosophy of education is a critical element in his or her approach to guiding children along the path of enlightenment. † (Examples, 2013) Writing philosophies at the beginning of your teaching career is very helpful. Once you begin teaching for some time you notice that those initial philosophies change. Writing teaching philosophies are important to teachers because it identifies their thoughts, beliefs, and what they represent in the classroom. Personal Philosophies After thinking and realizing what I stand for in the classroom, I came up with these three philosophies that identify me. I believe that every student is a special education class can learn. Regardless of the child and their disability I believe that every child in a classroom is able to learn. It does not matter how small the progress is just as long as there is progress. I believe that inclusion has both positive and negative aspects on teachers and students. Inclusion allows students to be mainstreamed with peers their age. This gives them a chance to be around students their age as well as learn new things. Sometimes inclusion causes special services student to act out. This happens because they are not familiar with the information and they act out so they will not be embarrassed because their lack of knowledge. Finally, I believe that one-on-one time with special education students is valuable. Working with students individually helps them a lot. The teacher gets a chance to see exactly where they need help and are able to answer all their questions. Philosophies That Relate To Me â€Å"I believe that each child is a unique individual who needs a secure, caring, and stimulating atmosphere in which to grow and mature emotionally, intellectually, physically, and socially. † (Sample, 2013) After reading this philosophy I realized how much this should be included in one of my philosophies. I believe that each student is different. I also believe that each student should be handled differently and appropriately in order for them to show growth. Not only should a teach help the student grow educationally but they should assist them in growing socially, physically, and emotionally. It is a teacher’s job to produce growth in their students. That is why they should cover all aspects available in order to prepare their students for the real world. This philosophy covers everything I believe in as a teacher. In order for a student to learn they have to be comfortable and feel secure with their surroundings. In order for a student to open up to a teacher and peers they have to be comfortable with their surroundings. That is why it is important for teachers to provide a relaxed, secure classroom for the students. A classroom that welcomes questions, discussions, and learning. In the beginning the teacher should let the class know that questions are always welcome and that no one is allowed to laugh. Once a student realizes they have a teacher who always want to hear their questions and cares about them and how they learn, the student will feel secure and open to learn. This philosophy can be adopted as one of my own because I am aligned and stand for everything it says. â€Å"I believe the children are our future. † (Sample, 2013) Children are our future. In order for us to have a bright future, we have to prepare our youth the lead the country in an outstanding way. As a special service teacher I think it is important to prepare our students for the real word. Not only do we prepare them intellectually, we prepare them mentally, physically, and emotionally. As a teacher I think in order to prepare students to be our future we have to teach them everything they need to in order to function in society. In order for children to be our future we have to help them be successful by teaching them the necessities. In special education classes independent living skills can be taught. In order for our children to be our future, these things have to be taught. In order to be our future we have to teach them everything that is beneficial for our children to function properly in and outside of the classroom. â€Å"I believe that children learn best from expert teachers who know what they are talking about. † (Educational Philosophies, 2013) I believe that a certified teacher should be in charge of a classroom. Although there is teacher’s assistance in classrooms to help I do not believe that they should lead discussions. I think that our children should be influenced by a certified teacher. Teachers go through lots of training and take classes that teacher’s assistants do not. Although they are trained to handle behavior, they are nor trained nor certified to teach. Students should be taught by someone who knows how and what to teach. I believe that students learn from expert teachers. An expert teacher is someone who has a degree and has met all state requirements to be certified. And that is who should teach our children, an expert teacher. â€Å"I believe that an effective teacher helps leaner increase their awareness of significant social and political issues so that they can have an impact on these situation. † (Educational Philosophies, 2013) This philosophy has some points that I agree with. I do agree that teachers should keep students aware of the political and social issues that are going on. That is important so that students are aware of the current events. I think that this philosophy is important. It is important for student to know how to handle certain situations that deals with the economy and government. When students enter the real world they should have some knowledge of the government and how it works. They should be familiar with what goes on so that they are able to handle certain situations when they are older. Voting is one of these things they should be familiar with and the procedures in order to be registered to vote. This philosophy is one that I will adopt or add to one I already have. Conclusion Having a personal philosophy is very important. As a special education teacher I think it is important to have more than one. Each year I teach I either amend my philosophies each year or add a new one. The more I teach the more things I begin to believe in. A teacher and their philosophies are important because the students, parents, and community are aware of what to expect from you as an educator.

The Amish Community: the Effects of Subsistence on Aspects

The Amish Community: The Effects of Subsistence on Aspects of a Culture Tristin Bovee ANT 101 Ilda Jimenez y West October 29, 2012 The Amish Community: The Effects of Subsistence on Aspects of a Culture Any person who observes an Amish community may catch a glimpse of a lifestyle that looks as if it adheres to no modicum of logic. Why would a whole group of people choose to live without the technology that makes life so much easier? The answer is simple and uncomplicated; cultural preservation.The Amish are culturally aware of themselves, and as such have put forth the effort to sustain their traditions and way of life for hundreds of years (Kraybill, 2001). The further technology advances in the world outside of the Amish community, the broader the Amish lifestyle becomes from the modern American culture amongst which they live. However, if the Amish belief system is viewed from an anthropological perspective, their values and reasoning is much more understandable to modern thinkers . There are many different sects of the Amish belief system but for the sake of simplicity, this paper will concentrate on the Old Order Amish.The Amish faith sprung out of traditional Protestantism in the sixteenth century. Then referred to as Anabaptists, the Amish believed that baptism should not occur in children or infants, but only in adults that can make the decision for themselves (Kraybill, 2001). They also called for a separation between church and state, and a return to literal interpretation of the bible. Suffering extreme persecution for their beliefs, the Amish fled to northern Europe to escape harsh treatment from authorities and religious leaders alike (Fischetti, 1997).While living in these remote regions, the Amish grew dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Agriculture has been the primary mode of Amish life ever since. Many Amish beliefs today are stemmed from their subsistence strategy of emerging agriculture. Body The most widely known belief of the Ami sh community involves the refusal to use electricity or modern technology, such as television, in their homes. The Amish belief system is centered around family and community values and as such, they hold a strong conviction that modern technology shatters those relationships (Fischetti, 1997).The use of electricity opens the doors for mass media influence which holds the possibility of fracturing Amish traditional values. The very values that the Amish hold are a result of their emerging agricultural subsistence. When livelihood depends on bringing in crops and dairying, community and family are the primary modes of labor, and cooperation is of the utmost importance in order to maintain their way of life. Some analysts argue that the individualism seen in modern cultures is caused primarily by industrialization (Kraybill, 2001).By avoiding modern technology and said industrialization, the Amish believe they are maintaining their closely knit communities. From the etic perspective, this may seem to limit the quality of life that the Amish live, especially their youth, but from an emic perspective, this is the lifestyle that they know works for them and does not challenge what they believe. Amish adults are only looking out for the wellbeing of their children on a spiritual level. Like band societies, the Amish do not believe in accumulating wealth; they believe in having what one needs to survive.Beyond enduring, what is important to them is helping each other, which is an aspect in most cultures that grow or forage for their own food (Marlow, 1996). Amish and band societies have much in common, such as their reciprocal economic system of general reciprocity. A reciprocal economic system is a variety of trade between family members (Nowak & Laird, 2010). General reciprocity is an exchange without an instant return or a determined value of the trade (Nowak & Laird, 2010); this is what the Amish community practices between members.Within the Amish, assistance or supplies are given freely to those who are in need of it; the provider knows that anyone in their society would do the same for them under similar circumstances. Due to their belief in self-sufficiency within their community, the Amish do not believe in government assistance. Coupled with the collective Amish decline of private health care, one may wonder how they pay for medical expenses; their church and community. The Amish church picks up most medical costs, and what it does not cover is picked up by the individual family and community.The Amish lifestyle is based upon the literal interpretation of the Christian bible, as well as a set of unwritten, adaptable guidelines called the Amish Ordnung. The Amish Ordnung provides the Amish community with cultural capital, or awareness of the morals, principles, convictions and responsibilities of Amish life (Kraybill, 2001). It outlines correct behavior, clothing choice and technologies that are deemed acceptable for use without fear o f destroying the family (Donnermeyer & Friedrich, 2002). The guidelines that the Amish Ordnung outlines are changeable.This is to better facilitate solutions toward the difficulties of living in contemporary society while maintaining their cultural heritage and beliefs (Donnermeyer & Friedrich, 2002). While many people living in modern society have faith of some kind, the Amish live their faith every day. Every aspect of their life is centered around their biblical interpretations and beliefs. Family and community are a huge part of the Amish belief system which is evident by the way their kinship systems work and live together. The Amish are a patriarchal society.Men are the breadwinners and thus the head of the household; women ensure the upkeep of the home and the upbringing of the children (Donnermeyer & Friedrich, 2002). These gender roles begin at a very young age. In some societies, such as pastoralist societies, this division of labor via gender creates an environment of ine quality in favor of male family members (Nowak & Laird, 2010). This is not the case in an Amish household; each family member is respected and valued for the person they are, and also for the work they accomplish.The strong nuclear family and the division of labor being gender-based provide the Amish with a strategy to impress upon their children the importance of their beliefs (Donnermeyer & Friedrich, 2002). Young members of an Amish community are not required to be baptized into their faith until eighteen years of age (Kraybill, 2001). Eighteen years living within an Amish community results in these kids knowing nothing else and it is often easy for them to make the decision to continue living their experienced lifestyle. However, should anAmish child refuse, they would be shunned. Shunning is the practice within the Amish community of excommunicating members who do not hold to the community beliefs. Most parents would like to keep their children as close as possible, which is ju st another motivation for immersing their children in the Amish world in order to keep them from being shunned. Often, two or three generations of extended families live in neighboring homes and work the same farmland. This is because a large part of who makes up an Amish community is determined by geographic proximity (Kraybill, 2001).Amish grandparents will often retire to a home on the farm referred to as a dowdy house (Donnermeyer & Friedrich, 2002). These practices demonstrate the provision of a support system through all stages of life. Societies which practice agriculture for subsistence often establish large families to assist with the amount of labor required for farming (Nowak & Laird, 2010). This is demonstrated in Amish families, which on average produce six children per nuclear family (Kraybill, 2001). However, agriculture is becoming less common amongst Amish communities as there is little farmland large enough to accommodate them.This has led many Amish families to re cognize the importance of family planning, since little farming requires less farm labor and family assistance with farm chores (Donnermeyer & Friedrich, 2002). In addition, many Amish families have turned to selling crafted items to supplement the income lost from the declining amounts of agriculture. In the book, Riddle of Amish Culture, author Donald Kraybill (2001) states that â€Å"the hallmark of Amish society has been a close-knit, highly integrated community where the threads of social life are woven into a single fabric that stretches from cradle to grave† (pg. 19, para. 4).This quote emphasizes the Amish social life centering on family, community and church from birth to death. Social activity in the Amish community can be described in three words; family, community, and church. Amish society is organized into three basic social units. The first unit, the settlement, consists of Amish families living within a common location and typically ranges in size from a dozen families to several thousand. The second unit, the district, is the organizational unit above the family and refers to the church. One church district usually includes twenty-five to thirty-five families within the immediate area.The third unit, affiliation, is the collection of church districts that hold similar religious practices and cooperate with each other (Kraybill, 2001). Amish children are taught in parochial schools, in which the highest level of education achieved is the eighth grade (Kraybill, 2001). The Amish believe that their way of life does not require more than an eighth grade education; most Amish children know how to run a household well before they finish their schooling. Conclusion If it weren’t for their way of life, they would have been acclimated to societal norms long ago.However, the Amish people are capable of seeing the world from an emic and etic perspective, ostensibly at the same time. Because of this awareness, they are able to take the corre ct steps to ensuring the survival of their cultural and spiritual beliefs. REFERENCES: Donnermeyer, J. F. , & Friedrich, L. (2002). Amish society? : An overview reconsidered. Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health, 8(3), 14. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/220297959? accountid=32521 Fischetti, P. R. (1997). The Amish. Washington, United States: Educational Extension Systems. Retrieved from http://search. roquest. com/docview/189310852? accountid=32521 Kraybill, D. B. (2001). Riddle of Amish Culture (Revised Ed. ). Baltimore, MD, USA: John Hopkins Univeristy Press. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/ashford/docDetail. action? docID=10021650&ppg=2 Marlow, E. (1996). Teaching about another culture? : The Old Order Amish. The Social Studies, 87(4), 161. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/274834778? accountid=32521 Nowak, B. , & Laird, P. (2010). Cultural Anthropology. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https://conte nt. ashford. edu/books/AUANT101. 10. 2/sections/ch00

Essay On American History - 714 Words

American History: Our Hope for the Future Broken glass cracks under boot clad feet, as a clean up crews begin their work on the devastating scene of shattered windows, graffiti ridden walls, and charred buildings and bushes. The view wears evidence of chaos as a diamond necklace, adorned for the world to see. The night before, riots raged, with hatred as its driving fuel. Fires blazed, rocks were thrown through windows and doors, fists flew, and barriers were strewn throughout grass lawns, having failed their job to keep a peaceful distance. The subject of all this violence, a young republican who planned to speak just inside of Sproul Hall at UC Berkeley. Scenes like the one at UC Berkeley have become somewhat of a common place in the†¦show more content†¦The result? One of the longest standing, and one of the most respected constitutions the world has seen. Furthermore, this country has experienced, defeated, and thrived through one of the deepest divides any country can e xperience, a civil war. Divided over the emancipation of slaves and states rights, states literally succeeded from the union. It is a part of our history that has been told to us over and over since the third grade. The union and southern confederacy went to war, the south lost, and consequently, slavery was ended. Even so, few truly understand the impact of the union victory. Our country was reunited under one flag and one constitution; we were one union of states. If our country can survive through a civil war, the great divide, can we not survive through the political divides so relevant today? Can we not resolve arguments of inequality and human rights? Even more recently, there was the civil rights movement that, similar to today, what was supposed to be peaceful protests with a civilized goal, became violent. African Americans fighting for their rights as citizens, were shut down by people refusing to see a contrasting side to their own. They resorted to violence, rather than simply listening to another’s point of view. Protesters were blasted with fire hoses, physically and verbally assaulted, and hounded by dogs. They kept their peaceful stance regardless of torment. It was the peaceful that prevailed. WeShow MoreRelatedAmerican History Essays1013 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican History It is important to be proud of who you are and where you have come from. After watching the film American History X, whites are far from proud. We are ashamed to admit that people just like us can act in such a horrible and disillusioned way toward those that are different. As you watch, you see scenes of brutal violence, hear songs of hate and feel the pain of all involved. These acts show the viewers how easily young minds can be influenced to believe anything. 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Analysis Of Bronfenbrenner s Ecological Model - 1216 Words

I have learned that there is more to the children in a classroom setting than what is on the surface. It can be said that the child s anchor is the family and as a future educator it is important to have a relationship with them. I think the most significant component is effectively communicating with the families in a way that is meaningful to them. From lecture, we have learned that we must treat families with â€Å"dignity and respect† when working with them. We can do this by taking a closer look at the family in the context of culture and family dynamics. In a short sample, I will synthesize interview responses of two parents through the lens of Bronfenbrenner s ecological model to further explore their discipline, feelings,†¦show more content†¦However, she sometimes sees herself as too lenient because it is just the two of them. In opposition, Mom B considered herself to have a more permissive approach in her parenting style. 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The Police Officer By Daniel Holtzclaw - 1154 Words

Daniel Holtzclaw is a former Oklahoma City Police Department police officer. When he was a police officer, Holtzclaw sexually abused thirteen black women. He targeted women from poor, African American communities. Holtzclaw ran background checks on women with warrants or other criminal records and targeted those victims. The majority of Holtzclaw s victims had criminal histories such as drug arrests. Holtzclaw s crimes were unlikely to be discovered because rape is a highly underreported crime. Only one of the women filed a report. At least 68 percent of rapes are unreported. For every 100 rapes, only 7 will lead to an arrest and only 2 will spend a single day in jail. Men know that and they know it is very unlikely they will be arrested, a police officer like Holtzlaw knows this all too well. Holtzclaw used his power to rape women and he knew that the public would support him because he is a white heterozexual man, he is an exemplar man for the rape culture. Not only did he have the advantage of being a man, but also the advantage of being white and a police officer. During the trial, the defense questioned the victims credibility during cross-examination because of their criminal records. Yet again, rape culture has surfaced. A woman does not deserve to get raped no matter her criminal record. No person deserves or asks to get raped. Rape cases are always fought back by blaming the victim and making the victim seem like a bad person and that is why there will always beShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Is Becoming A Trend1167 Words   |  5 Pages Police brutality is becoming a trend in America. Tensions among the public and especially the African American community are rising due to the latest cases of police brutality. Many people believe that we have come far in this society but to be honest Racism is still a factor. The use of brutal and lethal force by some police officers leading to unnecessary deaths have African American parents on edge to send their children outside for anything. Law enforcement and people whom we trust withRead MorePolice Sexual Misconduct And Sexual Harassment2465 Words   |  10 Pagespurpose of this paper is to explore the topic of police sexual misconduct, as well as who it happens to, and different theories on how to stop it. The various forms of sexual misconduct that will be reviewed are sexual assault, sexual shakedowns, sex with juveniles, rape, unnecessary callbacks, and performing traffic stops in order to flirt. Statistical evidence discovered by Cottler will show that sexual misconduct is commonplace on some police forces, and will shed light on the characteristicsRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of Oklahoma Former Cop Daniel Holtzclaw928 Words   |  4 Pages Also in Oklahoma former cop Daniel Holtzclaw was charged with raping and sexually victimizing 8 women in a low-income neighborhood (Chicago Tribune Newspaper). He was also convicted of forcible oral sodomy, sexual battery and second degree rape. Now he is known as the serial rapist/cop. He was sentenced to 236 years in prison, including a 30-year sentence on each of four of the first degree charges he faced. It took a jury 45 hours over a period of 4 days to deliberate this case. He

Practices Organizational Citizens Behaviour -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Practices Organizational Citizens Behaviour? Answer: Introducation In todays competitive business world, corporations focus on hiring qualified and talented employees that are capable of efficiently performing assigned tasks. According to Wood et al. (2016), organisational behaviour assists companies in determining job performance and personality of an employee. It studies peoples behaviour in an enterprise to analyse the performance of individual and group. This essay will discuss the role of organisational behaviour theories in positively influencing employees performance in a firm. In recent years, corporations implement organisational behaviour strategies to enhance the productive performance of employees by maintaining a positive working environment. As per Suppiah and Singh (2011), effective organisational behaviour enables employees to interact with others positively. Leadership approach is a crucial element which assists in evaluating the impact of organisational behaviour in an enterprise and implementing various strategies to improve emplo yees performance. This essay will analyse why effective care is needed from leaders while performing various business functions such as setting goals, designing jobs, working conditions and motivating employees. Further, the essay will evaluate how managers can influence productive performance of employees and impact upon different organisational processes. Modern corporations use organisational behaviour theories for human resource purposes which assist them maximising the outputs of individual and group members. In recent years, managers pay special care while performing various business activities such as motivating employees, designing jobs, establishing positive working conditions and others in order to encourage employees productive performance (Snape and Redman, 2010). Managers use organisational behaviour theories to analyse the structure and processes of an enterprise to understand its internal and external interactions. While encouraging employees, managers reveal various hard and soft dimensions of their personality which they can utilise to encourage and motivate workers. There are various major contributing factors in organisational behaviour approach such as psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and economics. Manager analyses these factors while developing and implement organisational behaviour theories. The psychological factors evaluate how individual behave in response to incentive and sociology analyse employee relationship with groups and others (Kashyap, 2018). Social Psychology observes individuals behaviour in threat, conflicts and stress situations. Anthropology examines customer, traditions and social norms of a company since it is a part of larger society. Political Science assesses the power, authority and corporate politics which influence corporations hierarchy and economics focus on monetary and non-monetary incentives to motive employees performance. Job design focus on reducing job dissatisfaction among employees and assigning them jobs based on their qualifications and skills. In recent years, managers use job design strategy to increase employees productive performance by offering non-monetary incentives, such as personal achievement, promotion, job satisfaction, increasing responsibilities and challenges in their jobs (Erez, 2010). Organisation use job enrichment, job rotations, job enlargement and job simplification techniques during job design process. Various organisational behaviour theories assist managers in improving the efficiency of job design process and increasing job satisfaction. The Common Sense Theory (Theory X and Y) provides that there are different types of people in a corporation; Theory X employees focus on monetary benefits, and they did not care about anything else whereas Theory Y employees focus on improving their lives and independence (Sorensen and Minahan, 2011). Theory X employees are considered as lazy, unreliable and untrustworthy, whereas, Theory Y employees are moral, responsible and good for companys development. Steve Jobs, former CEO and co-founder of Apple Incorporation, used Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y approach in the company to increase employees productive performance (Baker, 2013). He used this theory to motivate the team as a whole rather than managing individual staff which allowed employees to perform with full potential. In the technology industry, job satisfaction is a key factor because most of the employees are millennials who do not prefer to work for another company and believe in establishing start-ups. High rate of retention in software companies can be reduced by Theory X and Y approach because it assists in designing jobs that satisfy employees requirement and increase their productive performance. Similarly, Herzbergs Two Factor Theory also assist corporations in job designing process because it analyses various motivators that cause job satisfaction or dissatisfaction in a company and managers can use them to positively influence employees performance (Tan and Waheed, 2011). Google Incorporation uses this approach to increase the satisfaction of their employees because of which company has won the title of the best place to work many times (Fortune, 2017). Managers can implement these organisational behaviour theories into various operations in order to impact upon processes across the com pany, for example, implementing these policies into recruitment and selection process can allow the corporation to hire qualified employees based on job requirements. Working conditions referred to the organisational environment which affects employees in a company such as legal rights, responsibilities, job hours, safety standards, positive relationships and others. Managers focus on establishing positive working conditions in the workplace since it encourages employees to work at their full potential. Organisational behaviour theories focus on increasing job satisfaction of employees and motivating them in order to improve their working conditions (Chiang and Hsieh, 2012). Effective conflict resolution techniques also assist managers in establishing a positive relationship between workers. Many companies implement Behavioural management theory which provides that managers should have a better understanding of human nature, and they should treat every employee equally (Gavetti et al., 2012). The theory is based on Human relation approach which focuses on establishing positive organisational relationships that encourage workers to perform better. Effective communication is one of the major issues in large corporations, and it reduces companys performance because decision-making process takes a considerable amount of time. Managers can implement Webers Theory of Bureaucracy to address communication issue; the theory provides that role and responsibilities should be clearly defined which assist in establishing structured, hierarchical and clear communication channels. Managers should implement this theory across different divisions in order to address issues relating to poor communication (Merz, 2011). Modern corporations are facing the issue of high retention because people did not prefer to do repetitive tasks that are boring and does not require any cognitive or challenging skills. To address this issue, managers implement Goal-Setting Theory which set achievable goals for workers that challenge them to improve their productive performance (Sullivan and Strodes, 2010). Goal setting theory enables the manager to set SMART goals for employees which is an acronym for smart, measurable, assignable, realistic and time-based. These goals are based on employees skills and qualification, and they should be clearly communicated by the managers (Zahorsky, 2018). Google Incorporation uses this strategy because it reduces employees dissatisfaction by providing them new roles, responsibilities, and obligations which increase job satisfaction. Motivation is another approach which is used by modern corporations to increase employees productive performance and job satisfaction. The Expectancy T heory given by Porter and Layman Porter and Edward Lawler provide that employees are motivated by what they want and how likely they are going to get it. Porter and Lawler used the model given by Victor Vroom and added new aspects to improve it. The theory provides that there are two types of rewards: intrinsic and extrinsic (Estes and Polnick, 2012). Intrinsic rewards include personal growth, achievement, accomplishment, and sense of pleasure. Extrinsic motivation is based on tangible rewards such as increase in salary, bonus, and others. Managers should offer rewards based on employees requirement and their performance. Hierarchy of Needs Theory provided by Abraham Maslow is another popular motivation approach which encourages employees to increase their productive performance. The theory divided employees needs into five parts: physiological, security, social, self-esteem and self-actualisation (Jerome, 2013). The managers are requiring analysing employees requirements and providing them incentives accordingly. Kelloggs, an American food manufacturing company, has implemented Hierarchy of Needs theory throughout its divisions in or der to establish a positive relationship with employees and increase job satisfaction (Sharaf, 2014). This strategy assist company is reducing employee retention rate because it operates in food processing industry in which the work in repetitive and boring, and rate of employee retention is high. In conclusion, the organisational behaviour is a study of individuals and group in a company which focus on increase employees performance and establishing positive relationships. Managers pay special care while performing various business functions such as job designing, goal setting, establishing effective working conditions, motivating workers and others. Various organisational behaviour theories encourage employees to increase their productive performance such as Webers Classic Theory, Goal-Setting Theory, Hierarchy of Needs, Common Sense Theory and others. These theories assist managers in addressing various organisational issues which negatively influence employees performance. Following recommendations can assist managers in encouraging employees productive performance and influencing processes across the organisation. Modern corporations should analyse their workplace environment and business structure before implementing an organisational behaviour theory because one theory cannot apply to different companies and managers should develop a strategy based on firms requirements. The organisational behaviour theory should also be flexible, so it can be transformed by rapidly changing market conditions. The organisational behaviour theory should be similar and applied across different division of an organisation, or else it can give rise to employee disputes because one division might receive better incentives than others which create organisational conflict. These recommendations can be implemented by companies to encourage their employees productive performance which provides them a competitive advantage and sustains their future growth. References Baker, S. (2013) Steve Jobs vs Tim Cook If X worked then Y use a collaborative management style?. [Online] Righttrack Consultancy. Available at https://www.righttrackconsultancy.co.uk/steve-jobs-vs-tim-cook-if-jobs-was-effective-with-x-then/ [Accessed 17th January 2018]. Chiang, C.F. and Hsieh, T.S. (2012) The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior.International journal of hospitality management,31(1), pp.180-190. Erez, M. (2010) Culture and job design.Journal of Organizational Behavior,31(2?3), pp.389-400. Estes, B. and Polnick, B. (2012) Examining motivation theory in higher education: An expectancy theory analysis of tenured faculty productivity.International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration,15(1), pp.1-7. Fortune. (2016) Google. [Online] Available at https://fortune.com/best-companies/google/ [Accessed 17th January 2018]. Gavetti, G., Greve, H.R., Levinthal, D.A. and Ocasio, W. (2012) The behavioral theory of the firm: Assessment and prospects.Academy of Management Annals,6(1), pp.1-40. Jerome, N. (2013) Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance.International Journal of Business and Management Invention,2(3), pp.39-45. Kashyap, D. (2018) Organizational Behavior and Other Fields of Study. [Online] Your Article Library. Available at https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/organizational-behaviour/organizational-behavior-and-other-fields-of-study/63745 [Accessed 17th January 2018]. Merz, F. (2011)Max Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy and its Negative Consequences. Grin Verlag. Sharaf, A. (2014) Kellogg's strategy (K-Values) of motivating employees. [Online] LinkedIn. Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140722081552-40947926-kellogg-s-strategy-k-values-of-motivation-of-employees [Accessed 17th January 2018]. Snape, E. and Redman, T. (2010) HRM practices, organizational citizenship behaviour, and performance: A multi?level analysis.Journal of Management Studies,47(7), pp.1219-1247. Sorensen, P.F. and Minahan, M. (2011) McGregor's legacy: the evolution and current application of Theory Y management.Journal of Management History,17(2), pp.178-192. Sullivan, G.S. and Strode, J.P. (2010) Motivation through goal setting: A self-determined perspective.Strategies,23(6), pp.18-23. Suppiah, V. and Singh Sandhu, M. (2011) Organisational culture's influence on tacit knowledge-sharing behaviour.Journal of knowledge management,15(3), pp.462-477. Tan, T.H. and Waheed, A. (2011) Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and job satisfaction in the Malaysian retail sector: The mediating effect of love of money. Wood, J.M., Zeffane, R.M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., McKeown, T., Schermerhorn, J.R., Hunt, J.G. and Osborn, R.N. (2016)Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd.. Zahorsky, D. (2018) 5 Elements of a SMART Business Goal. [Online] The Balance. Available at https://www.thebalance.com/elements-of-a-smart-business-goal-2951530 [Accessed 17th January 2018].

Winston and Offred Essay Example

Winston and Offred Paper 1. How do Orwell and Atwood portray the tensions that exist between the individual and the demands of a totalitarian state? Atwood and Orwell have created texts that reveal the architecture of totalitarian states. Their complex and powerful ideas are the logical outcomes of questions that challenge present situations. They have shown that the essence of totalitarian states is control. By having control, their authoritarian rule expands by psychologically trapping each person into believing that what the state is doing is morally correct. The boundaries of a persons mind under oppression from these states are limited by restricting things that we value most in the present society (such as the freedom of making decisions and speaking liberally), thus making it easy for the state to penetrate each persons beliefs and manipulate them. However, wherever there is a system concentrating on oppression, there will always be a rebellion, and so we are introduced to the protagonists of these stories, Winston and Offred. What makes their role exceptional in this society is their secret rebellion, elusive, to some extent, to the states eyes. Regardless of the fact that they are exceptional in their roles, they are still odd characters to be classified as heroic. In the case of Winston, as well as psychological, he also has many physical flaws that seem to defy the stereotypical characteristics of a heroic character, Winston, who was thirty nine and had a varicose ulcer above his right ankle, went slowly, resting several times on the way. (Pg3). Orwell really brings out the rawness of Winstons heroic experiences. He can still be regarded as heroic as he is in a way fighting to live in this society. We will write a custom essay sample on Winston and Offred specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Winston and Offred specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Winston and Offred specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But there seems to be no uniqueness to him in this quote. In fact, the first impression that it gives to the reader is not one which you would expect from the description of a heroic character, theres no literal acceptance to the fact that Winston is the hero. When considering Offred, although she does not have many physical flaws, there are still noticeable defects, such as her constant fear, and her reliance on others for a successful rebellion; hope is rising in me, like a sap in a tree. Blood in a wound. We have made an opening. (Pg178). This is Offreds reaction upon finding out the true background of Ofglen and is conspicuously human. Initially, the readers first impression of her would not lead to the criticism of her role as a hero as explicitly as Winstons role in Nineteen Eighty Four, but at the same time her role would not be seen as heroic. The flaws in Offered are merely the essence of human nature, defying the uniqueness found in a heroic character. Yet still, they are both the chosen characters to be the foundation of the tensions between them and the totalitarian states. The demands of the totalitarian states are the very reason for the act of secretive defiance from both Offred and Winston. The desperation of both characters is to be free from such requirements. It is in fact the demands of the totalitarian states that motivate both protagonists to carry out such actions. They can compare past and present societies, because of the subsistence of the past in their memories, and the existence of the realities that they both face; it is the past that makes both characters realise that the society presently in existence is wrong. As described earlier, the restriction of the social factors valuable our society (Liberal actions and decision making) was the states strategy, but concurrently it was also the birth of individuals like Winston and Offred who would always secretly oppose such a strategy. Their memory of the past was like a palimpsest; a constant evaluation of the past and present societies would take place in their minds, and this would lead to a realisation of the social disfigurement that has taken place over time under the rule of such theocratic and morally incorrect states. Even though, in Winstons case, his memory of the past is very vague, it is still the only way for him to hope for a fault in his society. In Offreds case, her memory of the past is strong, because she is not living in a world where thought isnt free; she is still able to sit, and conceal herself in reveries of the past, without the constant worrying of the infiltration of her mind; But the night is my time out. Where should I go? Somewhere good. (Pg47) You can see the extent of her freedom in this quote, she has absolutely no problem entering the mode of comparison, and can think quite liberally, as she says, the night is her time out, which seems to suggest that its her own time, no-one is there. However, it could be argued that because of the writing style that Orwell adapts, which is in third person; we cannot get a good glimpse of the thoughts running through Winstons head. In first person, which Atwood uses, you can feel what the characters is feeling, and get a good view of their intentions. The initial motives of both characters are the same, therefore to escape the demands of the states. But their ways of attainment of such ambitions are different, most probably because of the difference between their societies. Orwell has created a society that is immensely claustrophobic; every decision made by an individual in the society of Nineteen Eighty Four is quite literally the decision of the state of Big Brother.